Alternative Energy: Obtaining Synthetic Oil During the Pyrolysis Processing of Polypropylene Waste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2023-167-2-6-14Keywords:
synthetic oil, pyrolysis liquid, low-temperature pyrolysis, polymer waste, polypropylene, chromatographyAbstract
It has been shown and substantiated the expediency of processing polymer waste, in particular polypropylene waste, by the low-temperature pyrolysis method in order to obtain alternative/renewable energy sources: synthetic oil/pyrolysis liquid, pyrolysis gases and pyrocarbon. Thermodestruction of polypropylene waste on a technological unit of periodic action in the absence of air oxygen and acid catalysts has been investigated. It has been shown that carrying out the low-temperature pyrolysis of polypropylene waste in the temperature range 250…412 °C for 3.5 hours provides the yield of the main product, such as synthetic oil — 78.5 % wt., gas mixture — 13.6 % wt. and pyrocarbon — 5.1 % wt. The results of the perfomed research allow to state that the temperature in the pyrolysis zone of polymer waste has a determining character both on the ratio of the main products of the process — pyrolysis liquid : gas mixture : pyrocarbon, and on the chemical composition of the first two components. By fractional distillation of synthetic oil, gasoline (28.8 % vol.), lignin (12.4 % vol.), kerosene (16.0 % vol.), and diesel (23.6 % vol.) fractions were obtained. Their qualitative and quantitative analysis has been carried out by the gas chromatography. It has been established that the vast majority of compounds in different fractions are saturated hydrocarbons of normal and isomeric structure: for the gasoline fraction, saturated hydrocarbons consist 77.86 % wt., for lingin — 84.15 % wt., for kerosene — 78.92 % wt., for diesel — 60.82 % wt. Based on the obtained research results, a general scheme of thermal destruction of polypropylene waste with the production of saturated and unsaturated (C6 – C13) liquid hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated (C1 – C5) gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen and pyrocarbon has been proposed. A small part of alkenes (C6 – C13) can undergo cyclization or aromatization to form naphthenes (C6 – C13) or arenes (C8 – C9).
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