Analysis of Innovative Technologies of Solar Generation in the Context of Decarbonization of the Post-War Economy of Ukraine

Abstract

One of the most important factors in ensuring the decarbonization of the economy and all spheres of human activity is renewable energy sources (RES). Among them, solar generation or photo- and solar energy stand out. At the same time, the Sun and solar energy are the basis of life and an inexhaustible, safest and most ecological source of energy for mankind in the long term. Solar energy propagates mainly in the form of heat (infrared IR spectrum) and light (visible wavelengths). It occurs on the Sun as a result of thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen nuclei (deuterium, tritium) into heavy helium nuclei, after which an incredibly huge energy of 7 MeV per nucleon is released due to a mass defect. The flux of solar energy is 3.9×10²⁶ W, of which about 1.7×10¹⁷ W reaches the Earth. The sun emits 960 billion kWh of free energy every day in the direction of our planet. Such amount of it can theoretically provide the energy needs of mankind for a long time. The article analyzes innovative technologies of solar generation from the standpoint of decarbonization, in particular, for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy. At the same time, decarbonization means limiting the production of carbon-containing substances and natural resources, as well as reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon-containing and soot particles. An alternative to this is the comprehensive implementation of RES, and, first of all, solar power plant. It is claimed that the basis for photovoltaics is monocrystalline, sometimes polycrystalline and amorphous silicon. New compositions of semiconductors are also analyzed, which are less costly, but problematic from the point of view of implementation on an industrial scale. It is concluded that the economy of post-war Ukraine should be restored exclusively in the context of environmental protection technologies of decarbonization, as well as comprehensive development of individual solar power plants and other renewable energy sources.