Method of Augmentation of Texts About the State of Water Bodies on the Base of Intellectual Referencing to Multi-Related Geoinformation Systems of Named Entities

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the augmentation of Ukrainian-language texts about the state of surface water bodies in a river basin for the training of machine learning models that should automatically annotate these texts, i. e. referencing in space and time and performing their classification.

The authors describe the progress made in creating the "Water Information System with Spatial and Temporal Referencing for the Southern Bug Basin" ("WISEST-SBB"), which is being populated with annotated data on the state of water bodies in the river basin using technologies and algorithms developed by the authors earlier. It is noted that the experience has shown a lack of information for training machine learning models intended for automating its annotation. An analysis of modern methods of text data augmentation applicable to Ukrainian texts has been conducted, highlighting their drawbacks, primarily the high probability of synthesizing unreliable information.

The proposed approach suggests augmenting data on water bodies of a river network, considering the propagation of reliable information about one water body to others located upstream or downstream or otherwise connected to them. To formalize and automate this process, a new formalization of the river network in the form of a multi-related geoinformation system of named entities (MGISNE) is proposed, which involves identifying named entities among all objects and then establishing spatial relationships between them. Examples of MGISNE are described, including hydrographic or ecological networks, networks of administrative entities, and others. The previously proposed recursive algorithm for referencing water body data with named entities in MGISNE is improved, and its formalized description is developed. After referencing texts with water bodies, the augmentation of the texts is proposed with subsequent verification of the results in a semi-automated manner, which can later be made more automated.

The results of the proposed method, algorithm, and approaches in the WISEST-SBB system are characterized, demonstrating their effectiveness. The findings of this work can be extended to other types of MGISNE, both for basins of other rivers and systems of a different character.